What is Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system and usually follows a progressive course. It occurs with decreased dopamine production in the brain. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that controls body movements. Parkinson's disease usually manifests itself with symptoms such as tremor, muscle stiffness, slow movements (bradykinesia) and balance problems.

What Causes Parkinson's Disease

Although the exact cause of the disease is not fully known, it is thought to occur as a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The development of Parkinson's disease is caused by damage or death of dopamine-producing cells in the brain over time. The following factors may play a role in the development of the disease:

Genetic Predisposition: The risk may increase in people with a family history of Parkinson's disease.

Environmental Factors: Exposure to toxic substances such as pesticides, heavy metals and air pollution may increase the risk.
Aging: It is usually more common in individuals over the age of 60.
Brain Injuries: Traumatic brain injuries can increase the risk of Parkinson's.

What are the Symptoms of Parkinson's?

The symptoms of Parkinson's disease usually develop slowly and can worsen over time. The most common symptoms are:

Tremor: Involuntary tremors that can be seen in the hands, fingers or jaw.
Slowness in Movements (Bradykinesia): Slow movements that make it difficult to do daily activities.
Muscle Stiffness: Muscles become stiff and lose flexibility.
Balance and Coordination Problems: Poor posture and tendency to fall.
Decreased Facial Expression: Expressionless or dull facial expression (hypomimia).

What are the Risks of Getting Parkinson's Disease?

Some factors can increase the risk of getting Parkinson's disease:

Age: It is more common in individuals aged 60 and over.
Gender: It is more common in men than women.
Genetic Factors: The risk increases in people with a family history of Parkinson's disease.
Environmental Toxins: Exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and chemicals can trigger the disease.

How is Parkinson's Disease Diagnosed?

There is no specific test that definitively diagnoses Parkinson's disease. The diagnosis is usually made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and neurological examination results. Doctors may use the following methods:

Neurological Exam: Movements, reflexes, and muscle functions are evaluated.
Imaging Tests: Changes in the brain can be examined with methods such as MRI or PET scans.
Dopamine Tests: Special scans that evaluate dopamine levels may be performed.

How is Parkinson's Disease Treated?

There is no definitive cure for Parkinson's disease, but various methods are used to control the symptoms:

Drug Therapy: Medications to increase dopamine levels (for example, levodopa and dopamine agonists) are used.
Physical Therapy and Exercise: Physical therapy is recommended to increase muscle strength and mobility.
Surgical Intervention: Surgical methods such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be used in advanced cases.
Lifestyle Changes: Healthy eating, regular exercise and stress management can slow the progression of the disease.

“Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of Parkinson’s disease play an important role in improving the quality of life of patients. Regular doctor check-ups and a multidisciplinary approach can help patients manage their symptoms.”

This Content Has Been Translated From Turkish To English With Google Translate